Earth Notes: On NiMH Rechargeable Batteries

Background

Do NiMH rechargeables work? Are they better than ordinary disposable alkaline batteries?

Usually, yes!

(NiMH is short for "Nickel-Metal Hydride". It may also be written Ni-MH. Not to be confused with one of my favourite stories as a child, "Mrs Frisby and the Rats of NIMH"!)

(It is possible to damage NiMH cells by letting them get very low. Or even get charged backwards. But that's not very common.)

NiCd (NiCad / Nickel Cadmium) cells and batteries have fallen out of favour. This is partly because of the toxic cadmium metal in them. Cadmium can leak out in landfill. NiMH batteries are much more benign.

NiMH batteries can outperform normal disposables such as alkalines. NiMHs can drive heavier loads. They can also be higher capacity.

High Self-Discharge

Normal NiMH batteries have a fairly high self-discharge. That means that they may run down in a few months even if not used. But the newer 'hybrid' or low-self-discharge (LSD) style can retain 80%--90% of their charge after a year. They are usually supplied charged and ready for immediate use. They are usually a little more expensive and slightly lower capacity.

Ordinary NiMH rechargeables can compete with alkalines on price. Usually NiMHs can be recharged and reused about 1000 times.

You will need a dedicated NiMH charger. Even a clever one that can charge AAA/AA/C/D/PP3 sizes won't cost much more than a set of batteries. So you're ahead on money after only a few charges. Mains power to charge them is almost free.

(If you're feeling particularly green then you may charge your NiMH batteries from a 12V off-grid solar PV system. For this, use an NiMH charger designed to run in a car.)

NiMH is likely to be especially good for high-drain gadgets. Also anything that may get left on by accident such as torches or toys.

Try not to run NiMHs down and leave them run down very low. That can damage them.

I have only encountered a few devices that are not happy with NiMHs. Likely because of the lower voltage of NiMH cells (1.2V) compared to typical disposables (1.5V). If you need to keep on using those devices, then you'll still need a few disposables.

Smoke Test

In the case of something like a smoke alarm, a suitable low-self-discharge battery (eg PP3/9V) may cost more than the alarm itself. But the battery may outlast the alarm! See my experiment of 2010-12-28 in the sidebar.

Poor Life When Cold?

2018-03-06: this winter we have had outside temperatures between about freezing and a few degrees above. I have been experiencing very short life from some NiMHs outside. A typical pair of 2000mA cells in '4o' my porch temperature sensor have been repeatedly going flat after a fortnight or so.

Some of the NiMH cells sitting on my work desk have been quite badly abused. They have run down to very low voltages over a long time. But not all have. And different cells have been used in the '4o' unit this winter.

Online literature suggests that NiMHs should not lose much of their oomph until tens of degrees below freezing. My lead-acid battery bank close by has probably done better even though temperatures have been very similar.

It's possible that I have bad firmware in the 4o device. Eg that drains the battery too quickly anyway. Or somehow faster at low temperatures, though that's unlikely.

2018-03-16: the last pair of cells lasted only about 10 days. In frustration I have instead put a pair of alkalines in '4o'. I will see how they last.

2018-04-25: the alkalines are dead. I think the problem is the software!

I now have a monthly calendar reminder to swap in new rechargeables and there have been no more dropouts. Though maybe I have been getting closer than I'd like!